To Main Page 800 Wiccan Beliefs Since the religion of Wicca (or Witchcraft) is so diverse in it's beliefs, I have included several documents here that encompass the majority of the traditions involved. Again, this is simply a basis...NOT the be all and end all. Wiccan Rede Bide ye wiccan laws you must, in perfect love and perfect trust Live ye must and let to live, fairly take and fairly give For the circle thrice about to keep unwelcome spirits out To bind ye spell well every time, let the spell be spake in rhyme Soft of eye and light of touch, speak ye little, listen much Deosil go by the waxing moon, chanting out ye baleful tune When ye Lady's moon is new, kiss ye hand to her times two When ye moon rides at her peak, then ye heart's desire seek Heed the north winds mighty gale, lock the door and trim the sail When the wind comes from the south, love will kiss thee on the mouth When the wind blows from the east, expect the new and set the feast. Nine woods in the cauldron go, burn them fast and burn them slow Elder be ye Lady's tree, burn it not or cursed ye'll be WHen the wheel begins to turn, soon ye Beltane fires will burn When the wheel hath turned a Yule light the log the Horned One rules Heed ye flower, bush and tree, by the Lady blessed be Where the rippling waters go, cast a stone, the truth ye'll know When ye have and hold a need, harken not to others greed With a fool no season spend, or be counted as his friend Merry meet and merry part, bright the cheeks and warm the heart. Mind ye threefold law ye should three times bad and three times good When misfortune is enow, wear the star upon thy brow True in love my ye ever be, lest thy love be false to thee These eight words the wiccan rede fulfill; An harm ye none, do what ye will. 801 One of the Pagan Oaths recognized nationally here in the U.S. A Pledge to Pagan Spirituality I am a Pagan and I dedicate Myself to channeling the Spiritual Energy of my Inner Self to help and to heal myself and others. * I know that I am a part of the Whole of Nature. May I grow in understanding of the Unity of all Nature. May I always walk in Balance. * May I always be mindful of the diversity of Nature as well as its Unity and may I always be tolerant of those whose race, appearance, sex, sexual preference, culture, and other ways differ from my own. * May I use the Force (psychic power) wisely and never use it for aggression nor for malevolent purposes. May I never direct it to curtail the free will of another. * May I always be mindful that I create my own reality and that I have the power within me to create positivity in my life. * May I always act in honorable ways: being honest with myself and others, keeping my word whenever I have given it, fulfilling all responsibilities and commitments I have taken on to the best of my ability. * May I always remember that whatever is sent out always returns magnified to the sender. May the Forces of Karma move swiftly to remind me of these spiritual commitments when I have begin to falter from them, and may I use this Karmic feedback to help myself grow and be more attuned to my Inner Pagan Spirit. * May I always remain strong and committed to my Spiritual ideals in the face of adversity and negativity. May the Force of my Inner Spirit ground out all malevolence directed my way and transform it into positivity. May my Inner Light shine so strongly that malevolent forces can not even approach my sphere of existence. * May I always grow in Inner Wisdom & Understanding. May I see every problem that I face as an opportunity to develop myself spiritually in solving it. * May I always act out of Love to all other beings on this Planet -- to other humans, to plants, to animals, to minerals, to elementals, to spirits, and to other entities. * May I always be mindful that the Goddess and God in all their forms dwell within me and that this divinity is reflected through my own Inner Self, my Pagan Spirit. .pa * May I always channel Love and Light from my being. May my Inner Spirit, rather than my ego self, guide all my thoughts, feelings, and actions. SO MOTE IT BE 802 In the Wiccan Rede above, and scattered in the oath, we find words such as Perfect Love and Perfect Trust. What are these strange words and what do they mean? Before one can analyze the meaning behind the phrase "Perfect Love and Perfect Trust", one must first define the words. For this purpose, I will use the Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language 1982 edition. Perfect: adj. [L. per-, through + facere, do] 1. complete in all respects; flawless 2. excellent, as in skill or quality 3. completely accurate 4. sheer; utter [a perfect fool] 5. Gram. expressing a state or action completed at the time of speaking - vt. 1. to complete 2. to make perfect or nearly perfect - n. 1. the perfect tense 2. a verb form in this tense - perfectly adv - perfectness n. Love: n. [I I I I I <--pinhole I I I I I I I I I LIGHT I I I I I I I I I I I <--pinhole I I I I I I I I I I I I I --------------------------------------- assuming that we have a beam of "parallel" light (a plane wavefront), we see the light projected onto the screen. If we cover one of the pinholes, we see a single illuminated spot on the screen. If wwe uncover the first and cover the second pinhole, we again see a single spot projected onto the screen. Now, if we uncover both pinholes, what do we see? Two spots of light? No! We see a pattern of alternating light and dark bands on the screen. This phenomenon is due to INTERFERENCE between the crests and troughs of the WAVES of light as they strike the screen. When two crests occur together, or two troughs, the amplitude is doubled, and we get a bright area. But when a crest and trough coincide, they cancel each other, and the result is a dark spot of zero amplitude (no brightness). The point of all this is that interference is necessarily a WAVE phenomenon. The experiment demonstrates the wave nature of light. How do we resolve the dilemma? By realizing that we are dealing with something that is neither a wave nor a particle, but SOMETHING ELSE. 835 Mayan Deities From Sekhet Bast Ra Lodge The contents of this file is derived from the research resources from within our lodge and is the sole property of Sekhet Bast Ra Lodge. Copyright 1987. 777 Column XXV Mayan Deities Key Scale - Mayan Deities - Explanation 0 - Itzam Na - This diety encompasses all deities yet this Diety is beyond all comprehension. 1 - Itzam Na - "one" or "unique" He is the greatest of the Gods. Hunab Ku - "All powerful God of no Image" I listed this diety although information shows this diety did not exist until after the Spanish Conquest. It probabily came about due to christian influence. 2 - Ohoroxtotil - Father of the Sun. Ben Ich - "He of the Starry Sky" He is a great infinite Jaguar (his spots are thought to be stars and planets). 3 - Ix Chebel Yax - Mother of the Sun. Ix Hun Zipit - Lady of the Sea. 4 - Kunku Chacs - 'Kun' means "kindly" or "tender" 'Ku' means "God". 5 - Ah Hadz'en Caan Chacs - "Lash" The Sky God. 6 - Ah Kin - "He of the Sun". 7 - Ix Ahau - "Mistress" She is the Mistress of Creative Arts and the Master of Weaving (she like Athene, in the Greek myths, worked her magick on the loom). 8 - Ah Kin - as the Patron of Knowledge and Power. 9 - XAhau - "Lady Ahau" Moon Goddess Wife of Ah Kin (the Sun God). 10 - Cobel Cab - Mistress of the Earth. Ix Tan Dz'onot - The Child of She who Sits in the Mud, the Child of She who emerges from the Sand. 836 11 - Acan - God of Wine (Actually he rules over intoxicating drinks such as beer, wine, Kola, etc.) He is known for his loud "bellowing" and his foolish behavior He is Cacoch's aid (Cacoch is a God of Creation). 12 - Ah Kin Xoc - 'Ah kin' means "Priest". 'Xoc' means "to count or read". He is a great singer, musician, and poet. He won the respect of the Sun God when he took the guise of a Hummingbird and wooed the Moon Goddess. Husband of the Plumeria, the sacred flower of Itzam Na (this flower rules Divine Sexuality, its colors are red and white). This Flower contained the secret of Truth and Immortality. 13 - Ix Chel - Moon Goddess She rules over Pro- creation, birth, medicine, and wisdom. She is a Virgin but she had a secret cult which she is regarded as a Sacred Mistress to Itzam Na. 14 - Ix Ahau Na - "Palace-Lady". 15 - Canan Chul Chan - Guardian of Holy Sky. "Big Star". 16 - Itzam Na Kinch Ahau - Old Sun God of balanced judgement. Ruler of the Bacabs (Elements). 17 - Xbalanque & Hunahpu - Twin Heros Brothers who heard the Divine Call of Itzam Na which lead them to destroy the False Ones who had exalted themselves and deceived some Mayas to worship them; and defeated the Lords of Death. 18 - Nucuch Chacob - "The Great Chacs" Four horsemen who are the Rain Gods. They bring Water of Life from the Gods to the Maya. 19 - Balanke - "Jaguar-Sun" This aspect of the Sun is the essence of Strenght (warrior-type strenght). He is considered a Great Breast. All His Priests and Priestesses are His harlots. 20 - Xob - Mother of Maize. All Maize Deities sprang from Her seed (literally corn seed). 837 21 - Ek Chuah - He is the Merchant Diety, but most im- portantly is ruled the cacao which was the Mayan's biggest trade commodity. 22 - Itzam Na - as Great God who oversees Justice between the Gods and the Mayan who worships the Gods. 23 - Ku Kulcan - The Aztecs called Him "Quetzalcoatl". He is the God of Self-sacrifice which was done so the Maya could survive and gain acknowledgement of Itzam Na. Some myths place Him as the Judge of the dead (but I would take this with a gain of salt). 24 - Yum Cimil - "Lord of Death". 25 - Zip - Protector of the Deer (according to myth the Deer created the Vagina of the Moon Goddess by stepping on Her abdomen and then she was able to bear children of the Sun God. Note the sole of deer's foot looks like a Vagina). Zip would deceive hunters to believe he was shooting a deer when in fact it was a iguana (a sacred animal of Itzam Na; to kill one incites the Death penalty). To those who gained Zip's Favor meant a successful hunt. 26 - Ah Ahaah Cab - "Awakener" He is associated with the Morning Star (Venus). 27 - Cit Chac Coh - "Father Red Great Puma" The Lord God of War. Buluc Chabtan - The God of Human Sacrifice and War. 28 - Bolon Tzcab - The Ruling-Lineage Diety. He kept the Line of Itzam Na pure and made sure the Nobility of the Maya was strong. 29 - XAhau - as Moon Goddess. 30 - Kinich Ahau - "Sun-Eyed Lord" It is said He had a golden Sun eye (some say it was almond eye) at the place of His Ajna Chakra. 31 - Hun Kak - "Unique Fire" The Divine Fire that consumes all what ever remains is prepared for Divinity. 32 - Ben Ich - "He of the Starry Sky" 838 A Celebration of M A Y D A Y --by Gwydion Cinhil Kirontin * * * * * * "Perhaps its just as well that you won't be here...to be offended by the sight of our May Day celebrations." --Lord Summerisle to Sgt. Howie from "The Wicker Man" * * * * * * There are four great festivals of the Pagan Celtic year and the modern Witch's calendar, as well. The two greatest of these are Halloween (the beginning of winter) and May Day (the beginning of summer). Being opposite each other on the wheel of the year, they separate the year into halves. Halloween (also called Samhain) is the Celtic New Year and is generally considered the more important of the two, though May Day runs a close second. Indeed, in some areas -notably Wales - it is considered the great holiday. May Day ushers in the fifth month of the modern calendar year, the month of May. This month is named in honor of the goddess Maia, originally a Greek mountain nymph, later identified as the most beautiful of the Seven Sisters, the Pleiades. By Zeus, she is also the mother of Hermes, god of magic. Maia's parents were Atlas and Pleione, a sea nymph. The old Celtic name for May Day is Beltane (in its most popular Anglicized form), which is derived from the Irish Gaelic "Bealtaine" or the Scottish Gaelic "Bealtuinn", meaning "Bel- fire", the fire of the Celtic god of light (Bel, Beli or Belinus). He, in turn, may be traced to the Middle Eastern god Baal. Other names for May Day include: Cetsamhain ("opposite Samhain"), Walpurgisnacht (in Germany), and Roodmas (the medieval Church's name). This last came from Church Fathers who were hoping to shift the common people's allegiance from the Maypole (Pagan lingam - symbol of life) to the Holy Rood (the Cross - Roman instrument of death). Incidentally, there is no historical justification for calling May 1st "Lady Day". For hundreds of years, that title has been proper to the Vernal Equinox (approx. March 21st), another holiday sacred to the Great Goddess. The nontraditional use of "Lady Day" for May 1st is quite recent (within the last 15 years), and seems to be confined to America, where it has gained widespread acceptance among certain segments of the Craft population. This rather startling departure from tradition would seem to indicate an unfamiliarity with European calendar customs, as well as a lax attitude toward scholarship among too many Pagans. A simple glance at a dictionary ("Webster's 3rd" or O.E.D.), encyclopedia ("Benet's"), or standard mythology reference (Jobe's "Dictionary of Mythology, Folklore & Symbols") would confirm the correct date for Lady Day as the Vernal Equinox. 839 By Celtic reckoning, the actual Beltane celebration begins on sundown of the preceding day, April 30, because the Celts always figured their days from sundown to sundown. And sundown was the proper time for Druids to kindle the great Bel-fires on the tops of the nearest beacon hill (such as Tara Hill, Co. Meath, in Ireland). These "need-fires" had healing properties, and sky- clad Witches would jump through the flames to ensure protection. * * * * * * Sgt. Howie (shocked): "But they are naked!" Lord Summerisle: "Naturally. It's much too dangerous to jump through the fire with your clothes on!" * * * * * * Frequently, cattle would be driven between two such bon-fires (oak wood was the favorite fuel for them) and, on the morrow, they would be taken to their summer pastures. Other May Day customs include: processions of chimney-sweeps and milk maids, archery tournaments, morris dances, sword dances, feasting, music, drinking, and maidens bathing their faces in the dew of May morning to retain their youthful beauty. In the words of Witchcraft writers Janet and Stewart Farrar, the Beltane celebration was principly a time of "...unashamed human sexuality and fertility." Such associations include the obvious phallic symbolism of the Maypole and riding the hobby horse. Even a seemingly innocent children's nursery rhyme, "Ride a cock horse to Banburry Cross..." retain such memories. And the next line "...to see a fine Lady on a white horse" is a reference to the annual ride of "Lady Godiva" though Coventry. Every year for nearly three centuries, a sky-clad village maiden (elected Queen of the May) enacted this Pagan rite, until the Puritans put an end to the custom. The Puritans, in fact, reacted with pious horror to most of the May Day rites, even making Maypoles illegal in 1644. They especially attempted to suppress the "greenwood marriages" of young men and women who spent the entire night in the forest, staying out to greet the May sunrise, and bringing back boughs of flowers and garlands to decorate the village the next morning. One angry Puritan wrote that men "doe use commonly to runne into woodes in the night time, amongst maidens, to set bowes, in so muche, as I have hearde of tenne maidens whiche went to set May, and nine of them came home with childe." And another Puritan complained that, of the girls who go into the woods, "not the least one of them comes home again a virgin." 840 Long after the Christian form of marriage (with its insistence on sexual monogamy) had replaced the older Pagan handfasting, the rules of strict fidelity were always relaxed for the May Eve rites. Names such as Robin Hood, Maid Marion, and Little John played an important part in May Day folklore, often used as titles for the dramatis personae of the celebrations. And modern surnames such as Robinson, Hodson, Johnson, and Godkin may attest to some distant May Eve spent in the woods. These wildwood antics have inspired writers such as Kipling: Oh, do not tell the Priest our plight, Or he would call it a sin; But we have been out in the woods all night, A-conjuring Summer in! And Lerner and Lowe: It's May! It's May! The lusty month of May!... Those dreary vows that ev'ryone takes, Ev'ryone breaks. Ev'ryone makes divine mistakes! The lusty month of May! It is certainly no accident that Queen Guinevere's "abduction" by Meliagrance occurs on May 1st when she and the court have gone a-Maying, or that the usually efficient Queen's guard, on this occasion, rode unarmed. Some of these customs seem virtually identical to the old Roman feast of flowers, the Floriala, three days of unrestrained sexuality which began at sundown April 28th and reached a crescendo on May 1st. By the way, due to various calendrical changes down through the centuries, the traditional date of Beltane is not the same as its astrological date. This date, like all astronomically determined dates, may vary by a day or two depending on the year. However, it may be calculated easily enough by determining the date on which the sun is at 15 degrees Taurus. British Witches often refer to this date as Old Beltane, and folklorists call it Beltane O.S. ("Old Style"). Some Covens prefer to celebrate on the old date and, at the very least, it gives one options. If a Coven is operating on "Pagan Standard Time" and misses May 1st altogether, it can still throw a viable Beltane bash as long as it's before this date. This may also be a consideration for Covens that need to organize activities around the week-end. 841 This date has long been considered a "power point" of the Zodiac, and is symbolized by the Bull, one of the four "tetramorph" figures featured on the Tarot cards the World and the Wheel of Fortune. (The other three are the Lion, the Eagle, and the Spirit.) Astrologers know these four figures as the symbols of the four "fixed" signs of the Zodiac (Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, and Aquarius, respectively), and these naturally align with the four Great Sabbats of Witchcraft. Christians have adopted the same iconography to represent the four gospel- writers. But for most, it is May 1st that is the great holiday of flowers, Maypoles, and greenwood frivolity. It is no wonder that, as recently as 1977, Ian Anderson could pen the following lyrics for Jethro Tull: For the May Day is the great day, Sung along the old straight track. And those who ancient lines did ley Will heed this song that calls them back. THE END P.S.--I would be glad of any comments, corrections, additions, etc. regarding this article. Please E-mail them to Mike Nichols (a.k.a. Gwydion Cinhil Kirontin) 73445,1074 P.P.S.--A special thank you to "The Rune", Kansas City's premiere Pagan publication for permission to reprint this article, which originally ran in a somewhat condensed form there. P.P.P.S.--Please feel free to reprint this article wherever you see fit. I ask only that I be given credit as the author. Also, it would be nice if you could drop me an E-mail note and let me know where you are using it. Thanx! 842 ________________________________________________________________________ Taken from the 1960 reprint of AN ENCLYCLOPAEDIA OF OCCULTISM by Lewis Spence, University Books, Hyde Park, New York. First published in 1920, it is considered to be one of the best sources on the subject. Submitted by Alan Wright, Atlanta GA, Illumi-Net 404-377-1141 ________________________________________________________________________ NECROMANCY: Or divination by means of the spirits of the dead, from the Greek work `nekos', dead; and `manteria', divination. It is through its Italian form nigromancia that it came to be known as the "Black Art". With the Greeks it originally signified the descent into Hades in order to consult the dead rather than summoning the dead into the mortal sphere again. The art is of almost universal usage. Considerable difference of opinion exists among modern adepts as to the exact methods to be properly pursued in the necromantic art, and it must be borne in mind the necromancy, which in the Middle Ages was called sorcery, shades into modern spiritualistic practice. There is no doubt, however, that necromancy is the touchstone of occultism, for if, after careful preparation the adept can carry through to a successful issue, the raising of the soul from the other world, he has proved the value of his art. It would be fruitless in this place to enter into a psychological discussion as to whether the feat is possible of accomplishment or not, and we will confine ourselves tit he material which has been placed at our disposal by the sages of the past, who have left full details as to how the process should be approached. In the case of a compact between the conjuror and the devil, no ceremony is necessary, as the familiar is ever at hand to do the behests of his masters. This, however, is never the case with the true sorcerer, who preserves his independence, and trusts to his profound knowledge of the art and his powers of command; his object therefore is to 'constrain' some spirit to appear before him, and to guard himself from the danger of provoking such beings. The magician, it must be understood, always has an assistant, and every article named is prepared according to rules well known in the black art. In the first place, they are to fix upon a spot proper for such purpose; which must be either in a subterraneous vault, hung around with black, and lighted by a magical torch; or else in the center of some thick wood or desert, or upon some extensive, unfrequented plain, where several roads meet, or amidst the ruins of ancient castles, abbeys, monasteries, etc., or amongst the rocks on the sea shore, in some private detached churchyard, or any other solemn, melancholy place between the hours of twelve and one in the night, either when the moon shines very bright, or else when the elements are disturbed with storms, thunder, lightning, wind, and rain; for, in these places, times, and seasons, it is contended that spirits can with less difficulty manifest themselves to mortal eyes, and continue visible with the least pain, in this elemental external world. When the proper time and place is fixed on, a magic circle is to be formed, within which, the master and his associate are carefully to retire. The dimensions of the circle are as follow: - A piece of ground is usually chosen, nine feet square, at the full extent of which parallel lines are drawn within the other, having sundry crosses and triangles described between them, close to which is formed the first or outer circle, then, about half-a-foot within the same, a second circle is described, and within that another square correspondent to the first, the center of which is the seat of spot where the master and associate 843 are to be placed. "The vacancies formed by the various lines and angles of the figure are filled up with the holy names of God, having crosses and triangles described between them. The reason assigned by magicians and others for this institution and use of circles, is, that so much ground being blessed and consecrated by such holy words and ceremonies as they make use of forming it, hath a secret force to expel all evil spirits from the bounds thereof, and, being sprinkled with pure, sanctified water, the ground is purified from all uncleanliness; besides, the holy names of God being written over every part of it, its force becomes so powerful that no evil spirit hath ability to break through it, or to get at the magician and his companion, by reason of the antipathy in nature they bear to these sacred names. And the reason given for the triangles is, that if the spirit be not easily brought to speak the truth, they may by the exorcist be conjured to enter the same, where, by virtue of the names of the essence and divinity of God, they can speak nothing but what is true and right. The circle, therefore, according to this account of it, is the principal fort and shield of the magician, from which he is not, at the peril of his life, to depart, till he has completely dismissed the spirit, particularly if he be of a fiery or infernal nature. Instances are recorded of many who perished by the means, particularly Chiancungi, the famous Egyptian fortune-teller, who was so famous in England in the seventeenth century. He undertook a wager, to raise up the spirit "Bokim", and having described the circle, he seated his sister Napula by him as his associate. After frequently repeating the forms of exorcism, and calling upon the spirit to appear, and nothing as yet answering his demand, they grew impatient of the business, and quitted the circle, but it cost them their lives; for they were instantaneously seized and crushed to death by that infernal spirit, who happened not to be sufficiently constrained till that moment, to manifest himself to human eyes." There was a prescribed form of consecrating the magic circle, which we omit as unnecessary in a general illustration. The proper attire or "pontificalibus" of a magician is an ephod made of fine white linen, over that a priestly robe of black bombazine, reaching to the ground, with the two seals of the earth drawn correctly upon virgin parchment, and affixed to the breast of the outer vestment. Round his waist is tied a broad consecrated girdle, with the names Ya, Ya, - Aie, Aaie, - Elibra, - Sadai, - Pah Adonai, - tuo robore, - Cintus sum. Upon his shoes must be written Tetragammaton, with crosses round about; upon his head a high-crowned cap of sable silk, and in his hand a Holy Bible, printed or written in pure Hebrew. Thus attired, and standing within the charmed circle, the magician repeats the awful form of exorcism; and presently, the infernal spirits make strange and frightening noises, howlings, tremblings, flashes, and most dreadful shrieks and yells, as a forerunner of their becoming visible. Their first appearance in the form of fierce and terrible lions or tigers, vomiting forth fire, and roaring hideously about the circle; all which time the exorcist must not suffer any tremor of dismay; for, in that case, they will gain the ascendancy, and the consequences may touch his life. On the contrary, he must summon up a share of resolution, and continue repeating the forms of constriction and confinement, until they are drawn nearer to the influence of the triangle, when their forms will change to appearances less feroci